The evolution and development of toxocyst in the Pleurotus mushrooms

Advisor: Yen-Ping Hsueh

Location: Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of toxocysts on Pleurotus ostreatus hyphae — Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of toxocysts on *Pleurotus ostreatus* hyphae

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of toxocysts on *Pleurotus ostreatus* hyphae

The oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is carnivorous, capable of paralyzing and killing nematodes. Researchers have identified a specific structure, the toxocyst, and a volatile compound that disrupts the nervous systems of nematodes, which is essential for nematode-killing (Lee et al. Science Advances). Unbiased genetic screens had identified ~20 genes essential for the development of toxocyst. This project aims to dissect the function of these genes and to illuminate the molecular mechanism of toxocyst development.

References:

Lee CH, Lee YY, Chang YC, Pon WL, Lee SP, Wali N, Nakazawa T, Honda Y, Shie JJ and Hsueh YP. (2023). A carnivorous mushroom paralyzes and kills nematodes via a volatile ketone. Science advances. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4809
The Toxin That Helps Oyster Mushrooms Devour Worm Flesh. (2023). New York Times.
How a Carnivorous Mushroom Poisons Its Prey. (2021). Scientific American.

More information about the research of Yen-Ping Hsueh and a selection of recent publications can be found on her faculty page.

To apply

Check that you meet our requirements
Familiarize yourself with the application process and have a look at the Frequently Asked Questions
Register to apply and complete the application form

Application deadline: 19 January 2026